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Map layout is the ordering of the map elements in the horizontal (X, Y) dimensions of the map’s visual field. The two components of map construction: visual hierarchy and map layout. Contrast is the essential factor controlling the prominence of elements in a visual hierarchy.įigure 1. Visual hierarchy works by bringing specific elements of the map visually closer to the reader (higher in a vertical ordering) and pushing others further away from the reader (lower in a vertical hierarchy). Visual hierarchy is the graphical implementation of a ranked order of map elements such that the most important elements have the greatest visual prominence. The two aspects of map construction, visual hierarchy and map layout, are often considered the vertical and horizontal means for organizing the information contained in a map (Dent et al., 2014 Slocum et al., 2009), see Figure 1. The fourth stage, design and construct, involves the careful use of visual hierarchy and layout to structure the map and create an effective graphic image.Ģ.2 Vertical and horizontal organization of visual field
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Gestalt: a theory of perception that describes the manner in which humans perceive the components of an image and organize them into broader structures or interpretationsįigure-ground: the relationship describing the advancing visual prominence of one part of an image against the rest of the image, which serves as a backgroundĬompartmentalized: a map layout that places each of the main components of a map page into a separate, often boxed, compartmentįluid: a free-flowing map layout that eschews sharp divisions between map elementsīalance: the equipoise of an image, derived from the visual weight and direction of each of the elements of the image
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Intellectual hierarchy: the ordering or ranking of all symbols and elements in the map according to their relative importanceĬontrast: the perceptual comparison of one portion of a visual image to another, the greater the difference, the stronger the contrast Mapped geography: the graphic representation of spatial phenomena, often separated between thematic and base information Map image: the mapped geography and all the other elements that cartographers use in a map construction: title, frame, inset, legend, toolbars, controls, etc. Map layout: the ordering of the map elements in the horizontal (X, Y) dimensions of the visual field Visual hierarchy: graphical implementation of a ranked order of map elements such that the most important elements have the greatest visual prominence